Johann Von Beethoven The Greatest Paradox Of The Realm...

In Bonn, on December of 1770, a child was born to a lower middle class Finnish couple; Johann and Maria. Given the name Ludwig after his grandfather, a choirmaster, this child would grow to continue the name of the musically inclined Beethoven family, and eventually supersede its reputation with his own genius. As a deaf composer and musician, Ludwig von Beethoven is one of the greatest paradoxes in the realm of music. From his upbringing, his triumph over his disability, and his world renowned success in music, it is still proclaimed that he is one of the most influential and well known classical musicians in the world. At the ripe age of eight under his father’s wing, Beethoven made his first concert debut playing a small portion of a†¦show more content†¦Being so busy for a child his age, he took a step that many of us would only dream of doing and left school to focus on his passion; music. For his next step, he learned the organ from Brother Willibald Koch in Bonn at the Franciscan monastery and was soon accepted as his assistant. Continuing with his training with the organ, he later studied under the organist of the Mà ¼nsterkirche, Zenser. Finally, by 1783 he was proficient enough to seek paid appointments and in 1794 he was appointed assistant organist at court. Also among Beethoven’s teachers, though later in his life, were Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, an organist at the imperial court in Vienna whom he studied under until 1795, and Antonio Salieri; Mozart’s old rival whom Beethoven learned vocal composition in the same period he was studying under Albrechtsberger. Before Albrechtsberger and Salieri was a man named Haydn, whom he studied under for a period of about three years starting in 1792 until 1794 when Haydn moved to London. It is said that Beethoven admired Haydn so much that he was the only man he had ever bent his knee to kiss the hand of. Finally, Beethoven studied under Aloys Forster, a specialist in writing scores for quartets. It is plane to see that throughout his life, his talent was not only constructed through his love of music, but forged by his exposure to multiple mediums and teachings throughout his life. Though slightly dramatized and perhaps a bit

Corruption and Bribery - 1795 Words

Corruption and Bribery April 29, 2015 Abstract In this paper, I will be writing about corruption and bribery. I will define the terms and go on to explain the regulations that have been put in place to stop corruption and bribery. I will then go on to give examples of major corruption and bribery scandals that companies have recently been in and what has been done to punish said companies for their crime. Intro Corruption is defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as â€Å"dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people (such as government officials or police officers), the act of corrupting someone or something, and something that has been changed from its original form†. (Merriam-Webster) Bribery†¦show more content†¦This states that countries agreed to help out countries in need if they are under a new government with a lot of corruption. In the UK they have their own form of anti-bribery. They installed the UK Anti-Bribery Act in 2010 with the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act states that being bribed, the bribery of a public official, and the failure of an organization to stop bribery are punishable under law through the act. It states that the criminal can do a maximum of ten years in prison and pay massive fines for proceeding in corruption. This Act not only punishes organizations in the UK; it also punishes organizations that have any link to that country with a universal jurisdiction. A major concern of this Act is that in some places bribes are common and it will affect companies that are in a global market that do business with countries that partake in such activities. Like the UK, the United States of America also has laws regarding bribery and corruption. This is the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 or simply FCPA. This act has two major parts to it. The first being accounting transparency requirements from the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the other dealing with bribery. This United States law â€Å"prohibits U.S. firms and individuals from paying bribes to foreignShow MoreRelatedBribery Corruption2102 Words   |  9 PagesBribery and Corruption: Is Signing the OECD Convention Enough? Darina Tomayeva 500127919 LAW724 Professor Lan Word Count: 1645 Bribery and Corruption: Is Signing the OECD Convention Enough? Before the 1990’s, the conventional belief was that corruption in developing countries was practically inevitable and in some cases even desirable. However, a more in-depth investigation into this issue suggests that bribery and corruption can cause significant problems for all parties involved. ForRead MoreBribery and Corruption1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe existence of bribery and unethical behavior is rampant in the world market and may not change overnight. The question of bribery has been distilled in business literature as a question of ethics. In this situation at the airport with the customs officer, it is important to distinguish between business ethics and personal ethics. In a business ethics situation, the Foreign Corruption Practices Act would prohibit offering any bribe to the custom office – for example to free a shipment of goodsRead MoreBribery And Corruption Of India716 Words   |  3 Pagesemotionally and intellectually and the presentation of the c ase that gives a voice. The topic of bribery in India or any other countries for that matter, it is utmost important that we understand the points raised correctly and precisely. For this article, the viewpoint by the author was clear, coherent, and elaborated accordingly to the challenges faced by international firms in the form of bribery and corruption in doing business in the national or state level in India. For every argument, relevant andRead MoreScandal, Bribery, And Corruption2047 Words   |  9 PagesScandal, bribery, and corruption: all aspects of everyday life, and sports. With countless scandals hitting the news every day, it is easy to see that sports â€Å"players† are no exception. With scandal comes crisis communication. Rhetors use strategic language and techniques to save face and restore image after a scandal. Apologia theory is a crisis communication concept which aims to categorize the strategies used in rhetoric to apologize, defend oneself, and restore an individual or organization sRead MoreA Brief Note On Bribery And Corruption Of The Public Sector1462 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis on bribery and corruption in the public sector Introduction There is one statement that â€Å"Bribery and corruption in the public sector, is endemic and unavoidable in all societies†. This essay will make critical analysis of this statement, targeting the public sector. Especially taking the example of US and UK regulatory framework, it will make clear understanding of this statement. Through current academic literature by comparing, contrasting and critiquing views, this essay will developRead MoreSiemens Bribery and Corruption Ethical Violation Case1509 Words   |  7 Pagesto the hand in hand prosper of international business globalization. The ethical concerns include corruption, bribery, human rights issues among many others. Business ethics is a form of professional ethics or applied ethics that examines moral or ethical problems that arise in a business enviroment. It involves the application of moral behavior to business situations (Adeyeye, 2012 p 22). Bribery is the offering, receiving, soliciting, and giving of something of value in order to influence anRead MoreDrabek Payne(1999) investment inflows. Bribery, corruption, and precarious commercial strategies3200 Words   |  13 PagesDrabek Payne(1999) investment inflows. Bribery, corruption, and precarious commercial strategies lead to non-transparency. The discover seizes external manage investment, transparency, inflation, transactions rate, attention rate open of transactions administration and commercial development as variables. The discover concludes that a state ought to rise its transparency level in order to appeal higher level of external manage investment and this increased level of external manage investment shouldRead MoreCorruption And Corruption Of The Public Sector1530 Words   |  7 PagesBribery and corruption in the public sector, is endemic and unavoidable in all societies 1 The supportive reasons of unavoidable bribery and corruption Bribery and corruption in the public sector have been investigated by government for many years, while such hidden bribery and corruption are the behaviour that members working in the public sector indiscriminately take actions. Bribery and corruption are due to members’ heart swell and unsound personality so as to break the public welfare natureRead MoreCorruption International Business Concerns The Making Of An Unlawful Payment1503 Words   |  7 Pages Corruption international business concerns the making of an unlawful payment to the politician’s government officials of a host company. The causes of corruption are multidimensional including cultural economic political legal and institutional factors that have different variations from one country to the other. The Foreign Corrupt Practices act was passed in 1977 to prohibit the bribes and gifts to foreign officials as a method of payment influencing businesses and government decisions and toRead MoreUsing Informati on From Websites, As It Will Give Me Information About Anti Bribery Policies852 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom websites, as it will give me information about anti-bribery policies. I will also use a website called Harvard reference to give the reader an easier understanding on what I will be reporting on. I will use BBC website as well to know the recent bribery act that has lately happened to an organisation and what anti-bribery does to other organisation. 2.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to know more about, the meaning of anti-bribery and what the policy intends to achieve on an organisation

King Of The Castle Free Essays

The settings in ‘I’m the King of the castle’ beautifully portrays on how the character feels and thinks, she does this by having lucid themes that show emotions of the characters reflecting onto the theme. This means the reader can feel the atmosphere seemingly throughout the novel. In the novel there is one main theme of which is based around hatred between hooper and Kingshaw. We will write a custom essay sample on King Of The Castle or any similar topic only for you Order Now straight from the start of when they meet hooper makes sure to let his feelings be shown. so throughout the novel Kingshaw and hooper are continuously battling each other, hooper immediately takes the role of being a bully. At Waring’s house the setting shows that it isn’t a very pleasant place to stay in, the house lacks the warmth and homeliness of a proper home. â€Å"Warings was ugly. It was entirely graceless, rather tall and badly angled, built of dark red brick. At the front, and on both sides, there was the lawn, sloping downwards to a graveled drive, and then into the lane, and without any tree or flower-bed to relieve the bald greenness. †the house being made of â€Å"dark red bricks† contributes a very imposing, blood colour. The house was always comfortless and it looked graceless and boring this made Kingshaw feel as he was not at home. The room in which he had stayed in always had a presence of death due to the gloomy and morbid atmosphere. He lacked the love he desired and was left with the dreadful feeling of isolation in his own mind. The house built badly can contribute to the novel that no care was given into building the house including no love, this could reflect on hooper who stayed in the house which was only exposed to death and power. Kingshaw plays the role of a very weak character that is locked in his imagination. he has irrational fears. although this might be normal for most children, his fears are so crippling they are far beyond the typical childish nightmare as one of the examples are fears of swimming pools. early in the book Kingshaw is taken to a pool by his father he feared the water exceptionally, not only because he couldn’t swim but, also because of its â€Å"glassy, artificial blueness† and he also feared how people looked huge, pale swolen underneath. another fear that kingshaw has is the fear of dead thing like crows, he describes them as having â€Å"ragged black wings† and â€Å"small, glinty eyes†. Kingshaw would constantly get his fears exploited by hopper during the novel. one example of this is when he brings kingshaw to the Red Room to show him the moths, it seems that hooper just wants to show off. but her immediately recognises that Kingshaw is afraid when, upon him seeing the moths, kingshaw â€Å"drew in his breath sharply†. Hooper realises this then mocks him and tries to order him to touch one. Kingshaw tries really hard not to touch it but hopper watches him and runs out of the room, locking the door behind him. another example of hoopers cold-blooded actions is when his guest, Kingshaw arrives he immediately tries to make Kingshaw feel unwelcome even before Kingshaw gets through the front door by throwing a lump of plasticine that reads† I DIDN’T WANT YOU TO COME HERE†. At one point kingshaw decided to explore around the surroundings but on his way back a hovering crow attacks him hooper then finds out kingshaws fears of dead things, later on hooper takes a stuffed crow and attempts to scare kingshaw, Kingshaw knew â€Å"the crow was not real, that it was stuffed and dead.† there are alot of dead things around the house this made Kingshaw feel even more miserable. After a while in the novel the writer has shown us how much Kingshaw disliked Warring’s, and how it was so unbearable for Kingshaw to stay there, he soon decided to pursuit his miseries and hopefully fine what he has longed for which was freedom, he sets out but then is stopped when he is attacked by a crow. he is in shock and frightened and has no idea what will happen next but still continues to go. He thinks he is free and starts to enjoy his freedom â€Å"Kingshaw didn’t look back† this shows how convinced he is about escaping from hopper and his mischievous. Hangwood is where Kingshaw escaped to he enjoyed it there due to the feeling that he was completely hidden and everything around him seemed innocent and pure. when Kingshaw had first stepped into the forest it looked dark and gloomy he was scared and thought of the forest as a threatening place. When he finally makes his escape the first thig he sees is the dead rabbit this is a foreshadow of his death in the future. Kingshaw soon becomes obsessed with the river and doesn’t want to leave all of this foreshadows kingshaws death. Symbolism is a key method of writing that susan hill uses. this helps us to have a more deeper understanding of the novel and portrays power and the ability to unlock darker parts of their personality. for example when Kingshaw saw the â€Å"yew trees† it would symbolise death because yew trees are usually found in cemeteries How to cite King Of The Castle, Papers King of the Castle Free Essays The settings in ‘I’m the King of the castle’ beautifully portrays on how the character feels and thinks, she does this by having lucid themes that show emotions of the characters reflecting onto the theme. This means the reader can feel the atmosphere seemingly throughout the novel. In the novel there is one main theme of which is based around hatred between hooper and Kingshaw. We will write a custom essay sample on King of the Castle or any similar topic only for you Order Now straight from the start of when they meet hooper makes sure to let his feelings be shown. so throughout the novel Kingshaw and hooper are continuously battling each other, hooper immediately takes the role of being a bully. At Waring’s house the setting shows that it isn’t a very pleasant place to stay in, the house lacks the warmth and homeliness of a proper home. â€Å"Warings was ugly. It was entirely graceless, rather tall and badly angled, built of dark red brick. At the front, and on both sides, there was the lawn, sloping downwards to a graveled drive, and then into the lane, and without any tree or flower-bed to relieve the bald greenness. †the house being made of â€Å"dark red bricks† contributes a very imposing, blood colour. The house was always comfortless and it looked graceless and boring this made Kingshaw feel as he was not at home. The room in which he had stayed in always had a presence of death due to the gloomy and morbid atmosphere. He lacked the love he desired and was left with the dreadful feeling of isolation in his own mind. The house built badly can contribute to the novel that no care was given into building the house including no love, this could reflect on hooper who stayed in the house which was only exposed to death and power. Kingshaw plays the role of a very weak character that is locked in his imagination. he has irrational fears. Although this might be normal for most children, his fears are so crippling they are far beyond the typical childish nightmare as one of the examples are fears of swimming pools. early in the book Kingshaw is taken to a pool by his father he feared the water exceptionally, not only because he couldn’t swim but, also because of its â€Å"glassy, artificial blueness† and he also feared how people looked huge, pale swolen underneath. another fear that kingshaw has is the fear of dead thing like crows, he describes them as having â€Å"ragged black wings† and â€Å"small, glinty eyes†. Kingshaw would constantly get his fears exploited by hopper during the novel. one example of this is when he brings kingshaw to the Red Room to show him the moths, it seems that hooper just wants to show off. but her immediately recognises that Kingshaw is afraid when, upon him seeing the moths, kingshaw â€Å"drew in his breath sharply†. Hooper realises this then mocks him and tries to order him to touch one. Kingshaw tries really hard not to touch it but hopper watches him and runs out of the room, locking the door behind him. Another example of hoopers cold-blooded actions is when his guest, Kingshaw arrives he immediately tries to make Kingshaw feel unwelcome even before Kingshaw gets through the front door by throwing a lump of plasticine that reads† I DIDN’T WANT YOU TO COME HERE†. At one point kingshaw decided to explore around the surroundings but on his way back a hovering crow attacks him hooper then finds out kingshaws fears of dead things, later on hooper takes a stuffed crow and attempts to scare kingshaw, Kingshaw knew â€Å"the crow was not real, that it was stuffed and dead.† there are alot of dead things around the house this made Kingshaw feel even more miserable. After a while in the novel the writer has shown us how much Kingshaw disliked Warring’s, and how it was so unbearable for Kingshaw to stay there, he soon decided to pursuit his miseries and hopefully fine what he has longed for which was freedom, he sets out but then is stopped when he is attacked by a crow. he is in shock and frightened and has no idea what will happen next but still continues to go. He thinks he is free and starts to enjoy his freedom â€Å"Kingshaw didn’t look back† this shows how convinced he is about escaping from hopper and his mischievous. Hangwood is where Kingshaw escaped to he enjoyed it there due to the feeling that he was completely hidden and everything around him seemed innocent and pure. when Kingshaw had first stepped into the forest it looked dark and gloomy he was scared and thought of the forest as a threatening place. When he finally makes his escape the first thig he sees is the dead rabbit this is a foreshadow of his death in the future. Kingshaw soon becomes obsessed with the river and doesn’t want to leave all of this foreshadows kingshaws death. Symbolism is a key method of writing that susan hill uses. this helps us to have a more deeper understanding of the novel and portrays power and the ability to unlock darker parts of their personality. for example when Kingshaw saw the â€Å"yew trees† it would symbolise death because yew trees are usually found in cemeteries How to cite King of the Castle, Papers

Observation And Recomendation Report Of T.G.I.Frid Essay Example For Students

Observation And Recomendation Report Of T.G.I.Frid Essay ays (COVER PAGE) OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR T.G.I.FRIDAYS RESTAURANT Prepared for (name) Prepared by (your name) Date TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARYiii PROBLEM.. 1 BACKGROUND.1 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS2 Services2 Menu Items..3 Quality..3 Prices4 Atmosphere4 Clientele. ..5 Physical Facilities5 Decor5 Cleanliness5 Layout. .6 Convenience.6 Special Offers7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Prospective dining patrons can feel comfortable about dining at T. G.I.Fridays Restaurant, as shown by this in-depth study conducted by . The study was authorized by . She requested a report of observations of the restaurant. My conclusion that T. G.I.Fridays Restaurant does not need many improvements, other that a little more room and larger trashcans in the restroom, is based on data supplied by two employee interviews, T.G.I.Fridays menu and website, and observations made by Observations were made in five areas: (1)Service. The service at T.G.I.Fridays is friendly and time sufficient. (2)Menu Items. The quality of the food is of a high standard. There is a large selection of different types of menu items. The prices are reasonable for the portion sixes given. (3)Atmosphere. The atmosphere is loud, chattery and exciting. The decor is interesting and the clientele is diverse. (4)Physical facilities. The restaurant is clean and convenient. The layout is a little cramped but still comfortable. (5)Special features. The special features are helpful when choosing to dine with T.G.I. Fridays. On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that a few tables are removed from the dining area and the parking is better defined. OBSERVATIONS OF T.G.I.FRIDAYS RESTAURANT PURPOSE This study was designed to make an observation on a restaurant with an emphasis on objectivity and evidence. Specifically, I will be reviewing T.G.I.Fridays in all aspects of the restaurant including its service, menu and atmosphere. BACKGROUND T.G. I.Fridays is a casual dining chain that has been visited by millions of people since 1965. The first Fridays, which is how it is referred to by most of its employees and clientele, was located at First Avenue and 63rd Street in New York City. It featured red and white stripes, a blue exterior and its name-T.G.I. Fridays. Inside were wooden floors, Tiffany lamps, bent wood chairs and striped tablecloths. The bar area, with its brass rails and stained glass, also enhanced the surroundings. For Fridays interior decor, a full time antique picker did extensive traveling to auctions and flea markets. Memorabilia had to be authentic and, if possible, unique to the area where the new restaurant would be located. The New York Fridays enjoyed an immediate success. First year revenues totaled $1 million. According to Newsweek and The Saturday Evening Post, the opening of T.G.I.Fridays indicated the emergence of the singles age. By1975 there were ten T. G.I.Fridays restaurants in eight states. Now there are more than 575 in 49 countries. (www.tgifridays. com) DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS The results of this research indicate the attributes of the T.G.I.Fridays restaurant on East Henrietta Road in Henrietta, New York. The research findings here fall into seven categories: (a) service, (b) menu items, (c) prices, (d) atmosphere and decor, (e) clientele, (f) physical facilities, and (g) special features. Service When approaching the restaurant, the door is opened by an spg, smiling people greeter. Barbara, who is one herself, stated that the smiling people greeters are unique to T.G.I.Fridays. It was also said that there is hardly ever a wait time to be seated over 15 or 20 minutes. This is even the case during dinner on a Friday or Saturday night. The only exceptions to this time are in the cases of large parties with more than six people. This was all found to be correct. Food is served from 11:00 a.m. until 1:00 a.m. Application Architecture & Process Design Essay and drinks until 2:00 a.m. (Barbara) After being seated the servers are very quick to introduce themselves and accommodate you. They come right over to you in just a couple of minutes to get drink and appetizer orders. They are very timely, returning with the drinks ordered in just two or three minutes. Promptly they ask if a selection has been made. If no decision has been made, the server is happy to check back in about 5 minutes to take the order. After taking the order, the servers will refill drinks whenever necessary and ask if anything is needed. There arent many chances for them to visit, however, because the food comes to your table in about twenty minutes. At which time they will again fill any drinks and .

Classroom Management Research Proposal Essay Example

Classroom Management Research Proposal Essay Classroom management is the teacher’s activity aimed at the organization of the appropriate educational process and maintenance of the productive behavior and discipline among students. It is obvious that the educational process is not only the material supply of the classroom (furniture, equipment, energy, water, heating supply, etc), but also the creation of the healthy intellectual background and atmosphere in the classroom for the maintenance of the intellectual and moral development of students. Classroom management is closely connected with psychology and management, because the teacher is supposed to be aware about the techniques and methods of encouragement and motivation of every student. Moreover, he supposed to teach young people to respect other people, especially their mates and elderly people. It is not enough just to provide students with knowledge about the definite matters, it is important to develop their moral qualities. The teacher has to apply all his influence and knowledge to make students believe in themselves and help them cope with the problems effectively. The teacher is not just the source of knowledge and dry facts, but also the reliable helper and advisor in the live questions. He has to find the personal approach towards every student, motivate him in all possible means and facilitate his educational process intensively. Moreover, he is expected to provide student with the basic awareness about the moral values which help people coexist in the human society. Classroom management is the complex of techniques of educational psychology, which teach students to behave well and develop their internal motivation which is much more useful than the external one. We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom Management Research Proposal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom Management Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom Management Research Proposal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Classroom management is an interesting topic for the young teachers and psychologists, who are going to connect their occupation with pedagogy. The student is able to observe the issue from all sides and try to explain the importance of classroom management for the quality of education and the student’s development. The young professional can brainstorm a few points and questions for the quality research and prepare a detailed and informative proposal on classroom management which would touch upon the most thought-provoking issues of the problem. One should research the topic relying on the trustworthy methods and sources convincing the professor in the importance of this research. The student is able to learn about the secrets and approaches towards writing taking advantage of a free example research proposal on classroom management composed by the qualified writers online. Every inexperienced student requires professional piece of advice on writing, construction and formatting of the text, so a well-organized free sample research proposal on classroom management can be a good model for writing for everyone who wants to complete an original assignment himself.

Transformation from House to Wild

Transformation from House to Wild Free Online Research Papers Throughout Buck’s adventure he goes through many obstacles, being kidnapped, going from owner to owner, and all the dogs he had encounters with. Even though being a house dog and having everything he needs right there where he needs it, the adventure he goes through changes him and makes him stronger. After being kidnapped Buck didn’t know what to do, but during that time he learned and he found out how to survive in the new world he has to live in. The least event that transformed Buck was the encounters with the many dogs, because not many of them did things to really change him. I think the one that really changes him was being passed down from owner to owner. Buck was passed from one owner being so kind and loving, to two that hit and beat him to get their way, to some who are complete imbeciles who know nothing about sledding, to end up with a great owner who loves him and shows him what love really is. Buck lived a privilege before being kidnapped, just be the description of the house he lived in you knew he was living a good life, â€Å"Buck lived at a big house in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley†¦it stood back from the road, half-hidden among the trees through which it glimpses could be caught of the wide cool verandah that ran around its four sides† (2). Living in a big house like that who wouldn’t be privileged, but after being sold for money to suffice someone’s gambling addiction he would really have to learn the ropes of living in a whole new environment. Buck had to get use to living in the cold; he learned how to survive by watching the other dogs, and learning how to stay warm, and to eat fast. The encounters with the many dogs that came and went, he knew what he had to do just by watching them. Buck wasn’t a fighter, after what happened to his acquaintance Curly, London says, â€Å"†¦Curly was the victim. †¦There was no warning, only a leap in like a flash, a metallic clip of teeth, a leap out equally swift, and Curly’s face was ripped open from eye to jaw.† (18) He knew he couldn’t be knocked down off his feet during a fight or the same thing would happen to him. He had to be quick on his feet, and had to be one step a head of the rest of the dogs. Spitz helped him transform the most I think, because Spitz was the biggest bully of them all he treated Buck like he was dirt. Buck didn’t like that and he finally stood his ground and acted like the leader he soon became. He took down Spitz with strategy and Spitz didn’t know what hit him. I think the other dogs didn’t really help him transform besides Spitz, even thou gh there were many dogs Buck encountered they either weren’t there long enough or they died. All the owners Buck had, the Judge, the French Canadian, the three idiots that didn’t know how to sleigh, and Thornton helped him transform. Even though the judge was his first real owner, it starts with Perrault and Francois because they were the ones that bought him to help pull their sled. Buck has never worked a day in his dog years, but â€Å"Franà §ois fastened upon him an arrangement of straps and buckles†¦so he was set to work, hauling Franà §ois on a sled to the forest that fringed the valley† (19). Buck felt like one of the horses at home, he had to learn how to work and become a team player, which helped him become the dog he was at the end of the book. Perrault and Francois they were good owners, they knew how to take care of the dogs in the type of weather they were traveling in, and Buck got the hang of being out there thanks to them. Thornton the best owner out of all of them, because he saved Buck from Hal, London says â€Å"John Thornton stood o ver Buck, struggling to control himself, too convulse with rage to speak. ‘If you strike that dog again, I’ll kill you,’ he at last managed to say in a choking voice† (86) from then on he took care of Buck and showed him what true love was for a dog. Thornton showed much love and compassion for his dogs and Buck admired that, he respected Thornton and wanted to stay and protect him. Buck never wanted to leave Thornton even after hearing the wild call to him, he went back to him because he knew that Thornton loved him and that changed him. Research Papers on Transformation from House to WildThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetLifes What IfsThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtStandardized TestingThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to Africa

Organizational Theory Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Organizational Theory Design and Change - Essay Example Functional level strategies are plans made to enhance the organizational and functional resources of an organization. The plan also strengthens the coordination within the organization. All of these factors mutually function to generate core competencies in the organization. In order for an organization to develop a functional level strategy, it should either lower the cost of functional activities as compared to that of the competitors, or else, make its service and/or goods different from others’. Examples of an organization’s functional level strategies can be increase in the quality of products in which the value creating function is â€Å"manufacturing†, and hiring talented workforce and improving their skills through on-the-job training in which the value creating function is the â€Å"human resource management†. Likewise, improving the quality of existing products or developing new ones pertains to the value creating function of â€Å"research and development.† Similarly, an organization can improve services in other value creating functions. These examples explain the skills that are displayed in the value creating functions. The very skills are fundamentally the core competencies of an organization and give it competitive advantage.

An improvement of Intrusion Detection System using HCI Essay

An improvement of Intrusion Detection System using HCI - Essay Example Network/system specialists and administrators mostly know more about computer networks and systems than regular computer system owners. Some IDS users may have different duties than others. Therefore the time and effort required to detect attacks may not be the same. IDS users can be categorized from two perspectives: (1) their knowledge about network/system security management; and (2) the time and effort that they could put into intrusion detection. From the first perspective, different knowledge levels divide users into advanced, intermediate, and novice levels. From the second perspective, we see them as three types: keen users, regular users, and casual users. An IDS interface is expected to support numerous actions. Generally, the interface shall apply both graphs and text to help present information. SnortReader shall support adaptable functionality, which means that users are able to change its look and the behavior according to their needs. Another important point is that SnortReader shall provide real-time intrusion status information and enable users to locate intrusions quickly and accurately. All user actions are divided into two types: configuration related and data-navigation related.

Applied mathematics for the department of energy Essay

Applied mathematics for the department of energy - Essay Example The world is increasingly sophisticated in its use of technology especially in the field of understanding the environment. The US Department of Energy continues its mission to be sustainable in its approach. Thus, various policies are recommended in order to promote its potentially good impact into the environment. In line with this, technology is also associated when it comes to computation and data analysis (Han et al., 2011). Mathematics is applied and statistics is most commonly used as the department continues to enhance its policies, procedures and its entire system in general. Policies require analysis of data and information. In most of the time, statistics is employed in this case as the basis of certain future decisions. The use of statistics in the US Department of Energy Science-based analyses are required in the Department of Energy and at some point statistical characterizations are needed especially in their need to come up with policies in line with the complex models of their processes or the entire system. Furthermore, in order to make everything simple out from complex data or information, mathematical modeling is substantially required at the Department of Energy. Examples At the Department of Energy, data analyses are necessary and in order to come up with significant information out from certain observation, mathematical analyses are required. ... Mathematics could serve as a significant tool in order to acquire information integrated with the environment and even in existing human-made system. This is a potential field where mathematics could have substantial value and high level of opportunity to be maximized to the fullest. Integration of mathematics and physics The application of mathematics within the complex natural and human-made system is evident in the Department of Energy. In this department, mathematics substantially combined with physics as the ultimate way to achieve potential uses for its applications. Computational-related activities within the field of physics are potential applications of mathematical theories. In fact, mathematics is the language of physics (Faddeev, 1995). Example One basic example that could show how mathematics and physics are integrated is observed within the field of fluid dynamics. There are various computations in this field that combined many concepts in physics and mathematical theor ies. The result of combining them is a substantial application of mathematics into physics. C. Experimental and computational techniques Significance Today’s complex systems eventually require experimental and computational techniques (Applied Mathematics Research Community, 2008). These two techniques should come together as each one of them is a substantial help to the other. If they are combined together, they could potentially come up with important information to help uncover and understand how complex exactly the system is. In today’s modern way of uncovering information, experiments are further justified by using computational tools (National Research Council (US), 2001). As a result,

The Meaning And Definition Of Brand

The Meaning And Definition Of Brand Due to the intensive competitiveness between the different producers and sellers in todays contemporary world, the phenomenon of joint branding is increasing at a rapid rate. With the traditional brand extension and the various brand alliance strategies like dual branding and advertising alliance, joint branding is a way of distinguishing the products from their competitive alternatives. By utilizing, the concept of product integration whereby a single entity is branded with that of one or more entities, companies can derive the favorable outcomes for both the entities. 2.1 Meaning and Definition of Brand The concept of branding is existing for past many centuries now. It is the primary means of distinguishing the product of a single manufacturer from that of another. The term brand is a derivative of the Old Norse word brandr, which implies to burn, (Kotler, 1982). As defined by (Keller, 2009, p 17), a brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition. Technically, whenever a marketer creates a new name, logo, or symbol for a new product, he or she has created a brand. Brand resembles the total experience that consumers relate to the products (Keller Lehman, 2004, p.1) in order to create and retain the monetary performance (Haigh Knowles, 2004) which results in the visibility of the brands at three different levels customer, product and financial areas (Keller Lehman, 2004). Haigh and Knowled (2004) have suggested in their theories that brands are the primary source through which the competitive products could differ. The construction of competitive superiority (Keller Lehman, 2004, p.2) could be obtained by handling the various brand channels. The significance of brands have changed in the modern world due to the global trends, for instance, the deregulation of industrial sector, the privatisation of public organisations, the establishment of independent firms, extensive utilisation of franchises and the eradication of trade barriers ( McDonald, de Chartony and Harris, 2001). Brand Equity Brand Equity is a combination of the brand assets and liabilities associated to a specific brand, its name, image, logo or symbol that appreciates or depreciates the value provided by the product to its consumers (Aaker, 1991, p.15). In simple terms, it is the added value provided to products which reflects the consumer attitude towards the brand (Kotler Keller, 2006). Appendix A lists the world top 10 brands in the year 2010. It has been observed that for products in order to gain brand equity must be associated with the name or symbol of the brand (Aaker, 1991, p.15) however, on either amending or altering the name following a joint branding activity the product value might get effected. Furthermore, Aaker (1991) suggested the assets and liabilities which effects the brand equity as brand loyalty, brand awareness, quality perception, the brand association with quality and other factors like patents, trademarks etc. 2.1.1 Brand Vs Product A product is anything that is offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need or want (Kotler, 1984, p.137). Therefore, a product could be a tangible good like bread, cricket bat, or vehicle; however, a Brand is wider in scope than a product, because it can have dimensions that differentiate in some way from other products designed to satisfy the same need (Gregory, 1999, p.54). These variations may be rational and tangible- released to product performance of brand- or more symbolic, emotional, and intangible-related to what the brand represents (Rosson Brooks, 2004, p.57). Developing apparent branding differences among products through branding and by developing a loyal customer franchise, marketers create value that can translate to financial profits for the firm (Bruner, 2005, p17). However the fact is the significantly low numbers of tangible assets are considered to be valuable and so is the case with the intangible assets. 2.1.2 Creating New Brand Associations By associating a brand with another entity, consumers make a pre-conceived image linking the attributes of these brands to the other entity and to every other entity and association which is in liaison with this brand (Homburg Bucerius, 2005). In a wider sense, this secondary brand knowledge is most likely to affect evaluations of a new product when consumers lack either the motivation or the ability to judge product-related concerns (Morall, 1996, p.131). In other words, when consumers either dont care much about or dont feel that they possess the knowledge to choose the appropriate brand, they may be more likely to make brand decisions on the basis of secondary considerations like what they think, feel, or know about the country from which the product came, the store in which it is sold, or some other characteristics (Shelton, 2002, p.147). Therefore, the association of brands with other brands improves customer retention, enhances service quality, influences customers perception of the brand and proves to gain an edge over the competitors (Perry Herd, 2004). According to Kumar (2004), when a specific brand is linked to any entity, it not only creates a new relationship but also it affects all the existing relationships of the brand. The basic mechanism states that the consumer is aware of the attributes of entity. When a brand is identified or linked to that entity, consumer may infer that some of the particular associations, judgments, or feelings that characterise the entity may also characterise the brand (Kumar Blomqvist, 2004, p.26). A number of different theoretical mechanisms from psychology predict this type of inference. One is cognitive consistence  [1]  , in other words, the consumers perception is, what is true for the entity, must be true for the brand. 2.2 Joint Branding According to signaling product, the combination or collaboration of two brands provides greater assurance of quality than what a single branded product provides, which should lead to higher evaluations of products and premium prices (Rao, 1999, p37). Through a brand extension strategy, a new product can become linked to an existing corporate or family brand that has its own set of associations (Swystum, 2001, p117). Further, Sinclair (2007) is of the opinion that a presentg brand could influence its relationship with other entities by getting into an association with a brand from the same industry (Sinclair, 2007). Joint branding also called Joint branding, brand bundling (Keller, 2004, p 19) or brand alliances is formed with the association of two or more brands who decides to produce a new brand and as well sells it together. Joint branding is in existence for past many decades; for instance, Betty Crocker partenered with Sunkist Growers in 1961 to profitably sell a lemon chiffon cake mix. Interest in Joint branding as a means of building brand equity has increased in recent years (Grobel Forbes, 2006, p203). For instance, the toffee candy bar produced by Hersheys Health has not only been extended into several new products-Health Sensations (bite sized candies) and Health Bits and Bits of Brickle (chocolate-covered and plain toffee baking products)-but also has been licensed to a variety of vendors, such as Dairy Queen (with its Blizzard drink), Ben and Herrys, and Blue Bunny (with its ice cream bar). Some other notable supermarket examples of Joint branding are Kellogs Pop- Tarts with Smuckers fruit filling. Yoplait Trix yogurt, and Smuckers Dove ice cream sauce. In the credit card market, Joint branding often links three brands, as in the Shell MasterCard from Citi Cards. With airlines, brand alliances can unite a host of brands, such as Star Alliance, which comprises of 16 different airlines such as United Airlines, Lufthansa, and Singapore Airlines. Although the joint branded products are into use for quite some time but surprisingly, it has a very minute quantitative observational research on the subject. Norris (1992) was the person to describe the potential benefits of the Joint Branded products. This study was then preceded by the various theoretical articles by Rao Rueckert (1994) on Joint Branded Products on signaling Perspective and the other one by Hillyer Tikoo (1995) to understand the influence of Joint branded products on brand evaluation. 2.2.1 Merits De-merits of Joint Branding The primary benefit provided by joint branding is the ability to position a product distinctively and credibly amidst the large number of multiple brands in the market industry (Norris, 1992). Joint branding can create more compelling points of difference or points of parity for the brand -or both-than otherwise might have been feasible (Hillyer Tikoo, 1995, p57). The outcome would see it producing higher number of sales in the current market and additionally opening good opportunities with new customer groups. Joint branding can reduce the cost of product introduction because it combines two well-known images, accelerating potential adoption (Levin, 1996, p87). Joint branding also may be a valuable means to learn about consumers and how other companies approach them. In poorly differentiated categories especially, joint branding may be an important means of creating a distinctive product (Desai Keller, 2002, p 136). The possible limitations of joint branding could be the risks and lack of control that arise from becoming aligned with another brand in the minds of consumers. Consumers expectations about the level of involvement and commitment with joint brands are likely to be high (Levin, 1996, p 147). Unsatisfactory performance thus could have negative repercussions for both (or all) brands (Rao, 1997). Levin, in his study further emphasizes on the fact that If the other brand has entered into a number of joint branding arrangements, there also may be a risk of overexposure that would dilute the transfer of any association. It may also result in distraction and a lack of focus on existing brands. A summarized tabulate version of the merits and de-merits of joint branding is listed in Appendix B. 2.3 Comparison of joint branding against the different branding strategies Joint branding is a long term brand alliance in which a product is identified and branded with the other brand (Levin, 1996, p7). A joint branding strategy should constitute following characteristics; the participant of the joint branding should be independent before, during and after the alliance of the joint branded product (Ohlwein Schiele, 1994). Secondly, the joint branding strategy should be implemented on a purpose by the owners of the brand (Blackett Russell, 1999). Third, the potential buyer should notice the cooperation between the two brands (Rao, 1997). Fourth, there should be incorporation of more than one brand at a single instance (Hiller Tikoo, 1995; Levin, 1996) The joint branding practically shows that there are two variations in it. The first one can be said as Vertical joint Branding often called as ingredient branding (Desai Keller, 2002, p 113), it refers to a vertical combination of products where manufacturers of different value chain steps in one product (E.g. Pepsi and Nutra Sweet; Dell and Intel). On the contrary the horizontal joint branding is characterised by producers stepping in the same value chain for the manufacturing and selling of a multi-branded product. In addition, a joint branded product may also appear in a category where both the producers are already established (Sony Ericsson Mobile phones). Joint branding strategy can become the brand extension strategy by introducing new product with the same brand name on the existing or new product category or the new product in the new product category (Desai Hoyer, 1993, p 176). The figure below represents the overlaps and differences among the joint branding and brand extension strategies. Figure 1: Joint Branding and Brand Extension (Source: Helming, Huber Leeflang, 2008) Only one single brand is involved in classical brand extensions where as joint branding includes multiple brands. Because of this difference there is no information on how customers utilise the brand attitude and association to deliver their response to the combination of two brands can be derived from the study and practice of classic brand extension (Simonin Ruth, 1998). On the other side brand extension appears much frequent in practice and corresponding literature is much sophisticated and comprehensive (Aker, 1990; John, 1998; Balachander Ghose, 2003; Volckner Sattler, 2006). Both brand extension and Joint branding strategies work on the same subject line, to strengthen the parent brand and extend the customer value perception to a new product (Aaker, 1990. P76). However, joint branding strategy can be seen as more advantageous because a second brand can contribute an additional value perception to the parent brand and itself that a parent brand cannot gather itself. In addit ion their might be some negative effects to the potential advantages caused by the combination of two brands reasoning either they dont fit or unfavorable perception among the partnering brands. Further to this the joint branding involves great complications in the operational activities because this strategy needs the alignment of interest of a minimum two associated partners. The choice on aligning requires a careful and comprehensive study of related cost and advantages levied on certain operational objective and the situational surroundings. Additional to joint branding strategy there lays few more brand aligning strategies, they are; Joint sales promotion Advertising alliance Dual branding Bundling The Joint Branding strategy can be closely related to advertising alliance approach. The primary reason to utilise the different branding strategies similar to that of joint branding strategy is the improvement of interdependent image accompanying the collaboration with complementary partner (Wernerfelt, 1988, Erdem Swait, 1999). The signaling theory explains that, the collaboration of two brands assures the customer with greater product quality that in turn provides higher evaluations and premium prices (Rao, 1999). However, joint branding strategy is the only approach where a single product collaborates with two or more brands (Wernerfelt, 1988, p 36). Even though the new brand alliance strategy may not contain the severe unfavorable spillover effects and less difficulty but they may not involve such strong benefits as the joint branding strategy. The table below shows the differences between the joint branding strategy and other strategies. This table demonstrates that the joint branding and brand extension strategies are very similar where as the other strategies are completely different. Table 1: Branding Strategy and their distinction from Joint Branding Strategy Example Characteristic Difference from Joint branding Relevant Literature Product Bundling Vobis Hardware, software and services for PCs Combined offer from two or more goods in a package with one total price No simultaneous branding of a single physical product by two brands Gaeth, 1990; Yadav, 1994; Stremersch Tellis, 2002. Advertising alliance Wasa (bread) Due Darfst (diet butter) Simultaneous mention of different supplier of different products in one advertisement Berndt, 1985; Schroter Waschek, 1996; Bergen John, 1997; Samu, 1999 Joint sales promotion Reebok (sports outfit) and Pepsi (soft drink) Timely, limited appearance of two independent brands in promotional activities Varadarajan, 1985; Varadarajan, 1986; Palupski Bohmann, 1994. Dual Branding Burger king (fast food) Shell (Gas station) Common usage of store location (shop in shop concept) Levin, 1996; Levin Levin, 2000. Brand Extension Boss Brand transfer from cloths to perfume Extension of brand to a new product in either a new or an existing product category Equals joint branding , if new product is branded by two brands simultaneously Aaker Keller, 1990; Balachander Ghose, 2003; Volckner Sattler, 2006. 2.3.1 Joint Branding and its Effectiveness Different theories were propagated to gain an understanding on the efficiency of joint-branding when compared with various other brand extension strategies. Below listed is a brief description on these theories: Concept Combination Theory: This was propounded by Park, Jun and Shocker in the year 1996. In this theory, the researchers have observed the evolution and usefulness of combined brand partnerships. A combined brand is described to be the outcome of aligning two significant brands. The findings were based on the influence on perception of the consumer towards the new composite brand resulting from the earlier perceptions of the combining brands. The concept combination procedure enlisted evaluating two self sufficient concepts which are to form a new concept (Wisniewski, 1996). According to Park, Jun and Schocker (1996) a composite joint brand comprises of at least one parent brand and one modifier brand, each of which are determined according to their position in the composite brand. As per the concept combination theory, a set of core attributes in a concept is the most essential and salient set of attributes for understanding a concept (Eysenck and Keanne 1990), and it is difficult to change when the concept is combined with others. b) Signaling Theory: This theory was utilized by various realists (Rao, Qu Ruekert, 1999; Rao and Rueker1994; Washburn, Till, and Priluck 2000) in order to evaluate and assess the creation of joint branding and its usefulness. As stated by Spence (1974), signaling could be observed when the observer takes actions to communicate data and information to the ones who are ignorant of it, in order to facilitate their decision making. By utilizing this theory, Washburn, Trill Priluck (2000) had studied the effects of joint branding on the brand equity of the partnering brands. The four components  [2]  of the brand equity were evaluated based on the changing perception of the consumers. c) Assimilation and Contrast Theory: Levin (2002) has engaged social judgment theory in investigating the impact of joint branding. According to the social judgment theory (Shrif Hovland, 1961), judgments towards a stimulus are affected by the context within which it is evaluated. Furthermore, Sherman (1978, p107) states a stimulus is judged not only by its own features but also by the other stimulus that are present concurrently. Based on the occurrence of a stimuli the contexts are classified into contrast and assimilation effects (Meyers-Levy and Sternthal 1993). 2.3.2 Direct Effects Considering the empirical theories of Rao Rueckert (1994) and Rao (1997), Rao (1999), an in depth study of Joint Branded products from signaling perspective, whereby they show that the customers evaluates the brand qualitativeness better in relation to unidentifiable characteristics where a particular brand is collaborated with another brand which is presumed to be at risk of consumers acceptance. The combined outcome of the dual branding nature, joint branded products offers a better quality signal when compared with mono branded products. Levin (1996) findings displayed that matching a reputed brand name with an non reputable or slightly known host brands improves consumers product evaluations than adding a non reputable brand. Thus, it could be concluded that consumers brand awareness on the partner brands has a positive direct effect (Rao, 1997, p 118). Fang and Mishra (2002) also supported this claim, stating that consumer perception of a non reputed brand enhances when combined with a reputed, good quality associate; and Voss Tansuhaj (1999), proves that consumer evaluation of a joint branded products improves if a well known domestic brand is incorporated with unknown foreign brand partner. Vaidyanathan Aggarwal (2000) has also analyzed joint branded products formed by a well known national brand and an unknown private brand, and found that a joint branded products received positive valuation if it is incorporated with a well known ingredient brand. By differentiating a joint brand product as having either an unknown branded element or a reputed brand, Desai Keller (2002) clarifies the extended effect of the host brand. With the extension which transforms the intensity of a prevailing product feature, a stabilized component facilitates early growth recognition, however a self brand ingredients results in favourable successive group expansion assessment. The brand extension which adds a whole new feature to the product would inculcate an existing component, as doing this will lead to high assessment of the original product and its preceding expansion. Park (1996) states that the positive attitude of consumer towards a brand leads to positive direct effects, and the joint branded products involving two complementary brand gains a better attribute profile in the mind of consumers than that of a direct brand extension of dominant brand or a joint branded product involving two highly favourable but uncomplimentary brand. Walchli (1996), When measuring the evaluation of joint-branded products according to the agreement of the partner brands, displays that in high associated situations, the high dissimilar or similar partner brand possess less positive evaluation that it may have in rather disimilar partner brand. This astounding result is a task of the amplification that consumers undertake to seek resolutions that are partial towards positive clarification for the inaptness (Mandler (1982)) The prior positive attitude generates the positive direct effect towards each partner brand, and also from the positive perception toward the brand and the offered product fit of the partner brand. The term fit refers for the consumer perception on congruity of both the partner brand and their offered product categories and the branding concepts (Simonin Ruth, 1998). The model of Simonin Ruth had been modified by Hadjicharalambus (2001) to gain an evidence that overall fit (i.e., the joint venture of two brands A B as a new joint brand product) effects the evaluation positively of the joint branded products, but overall the fit is influenced by the transfer fit positively, or partner brand fit with product category of the joint branded product and fit of the brand. There is a possession of synergitic effect on the high transfer fit, which generates positive direct effects. The direct link with the brand equity and the joint branded products has been stated by Washburn (1999) and W ashburn et al. (2000, 2004) , this displays that the higher brand equity of partner brand enhance the perceived brand equity of the joint branded product and thus radiates positive direct effect. The study conducted by Janiszewski Van Osselaer (2000) and Van Osselaer Janiszewski (2001) shows how the consumer predicts the products performance through brand names and product features by different training methods. As explained by Simonin Ruth (1998) and Park et al.,(1996) that joining two or more established brands improves the face value of a joint branded products because the well known ingredient of a brand gives positive direct effects. The two most recent study conducted on the direct effect of joint branding is done by Baumgrath (2003) and Huber (2005). These studies agree and support to the previous studies of Simonin Ruth (1998) and Hadjicharambouss (2001) findings. The most comprehensive study on direct effects is given by Baumgarth (2003). He had analyzed a biggest simple, the great variety of joint branded products, and the most path relationship. He also states that advertising has a relevantly great importance in terms of evaluating the joint branded products. Huber (2005) proved evidently that involvement of product and orientation of consumers brand influences the success of joint branded product. The comparison of brand extension and joint branding studys displays some interesting similarities and differences. The requirement of fit in a high degree in a brand and the product extension is the main factor of success for brand extension, high involvement of parent brand, acceptance from the market and retailer (Volckner Sattler, 2006). The success of joint branded product is influenced by the transfer fit and support from market, but it carries much significance obtained from the product fit and the partner brand. This is because the joint branding introduces the new evaluation dimensions, unlike the brand extension. The collaborating concept of joining two or more brand from a single product to a joint branded product can achieve much benefits of that it may not achieve from its own. This finding is supported by Park et al (1996). The experimental test conducted shows that a joint branded product is assumed much favorable than that of the direct brand extension in the parent brands product category The literature of joint branding still need to analyze the addition factor of success of brand extension, like retailer acceptance and parent brand involvement. The table 2 below shows the relevance of relationship from the brand extension that may serve as a potential factor of success for joint branded product. Such combination can be considered for further research. TABLE 2; Succes Factors for Direct effects Success factors for direct effects A Joint branded product is more successful if.. source Relative Importance Characteristics of constituent brands/products Awareness brand awareness of the constituent brand is high Levin et al. (1996) Fang and Mishra(2002) Voss and Tansuhaj(1999) Vaidyanathan and Aggarwal(2000) Desai and Keller(2002) Medium Quality the perceived quality of the constituent brands is high Rao et al. (1999) McCarthy and Norris (1999) Park et al. (1996) Simonin and Ruth (1998) Janiszewski and van Osselaer (2000) van Osselaer and Janiszewski (2001) Baumgarth (2003) Lafferty et al. (2004) Huber (2005) High Brand equity the brand equity of the Constituent brands is high Washburn (1999) Washburn et al. (2000; 2004) High Characteristics of Joint Branded product Advertising the evaluation of advertising campaigns with regard to the joint branded product is positive. Baumgarth (2003) HIgh Retail Acceptance retailer acceptance is high Volckner and Sattler (2006) NA Fit constituent brands/products Degree of Complimentariness the constituent brands are highly complimentary regarding an attitudeof the joint branded product Park et al. (1996) Medium Brand fit Brand fit of the constituents brand is high Simonin and Ruth (1998) Baumgarth (2003) High Product fit Product fit of the product categories of constituents brandsis high Simonin and Ruth (1998) Baumgarth (2003) Huber (2005) HIgh Incongruence Partner brands are moderately incongruent under high involvement conditions. Walchi (1996) Medium Fit constituent brands with Joint branded product Fit of constituents brands and Joint branded product The fit between the brands and the joint branded product is high Hadjicharalambous(2001 Baumgarth (2003)) HIgh Person specific variables Product involvement Involvement with the product category of the cobranded product is high Huber(2005) Medium Brand Orientation Brand orientation is high Huber(2005) Low Constituent brand involvement Constituent brand involvement is high Volckner and Sattler (2006) NA (Source: Helming, Huber Leeflang, 2008) 2.3.3 Spillover Effects Studies on joint branding that delivers spill-over effect are scarce. A structural equation model has been developed by Simonin Ruth (1998) that displays consumers attitude towards the joint branded product, influencing positive attitude towards each partner brand. These authors have also proved that the brand that are less familiar in the market gains weak impact on the consumer attitude by the joint branded product (Lafferty, 2004). Baumgrath (2003) states that, great brand stability has less image erosion due to unfavourable extension, which may deliver weak spill over effect. Joint branded products may increase evaluation of an unknown brand if those unknown brand are joint with well known brand. A joint branded product which has two high equity partners can get a win-win potential, which can lead to great spill over effect. Brands with low brand equity gain the higher benefit from the joint branding and that carrying high brand equity does not suffer down grading of reputation, even if they are joined with a lower equity partner (Washburn, 1999; Washburn et al. 2000; 2004). Vaidyanathan Aggarwal (2000) states that the brand equity of a national brand does not decrease if collaborated with the unknown private brand. Musante (2000) finds that a joint branded products improves its evaluation if it cooperates with the second brand which is perceived to be higher in that dimension. Table 3; Success factor for spill over effects Success factor for spill Spill over effect on one/both brand(s) Source over effect are stronger more positive if.. Characteristics of constituent brand(s) Brand Awareness Brand awareness of one of the constituent brand is high Voss Tanssuhaj (1999) Brand Personality/attitude The brand personality of one of the constituent brand is positive Musante (2000) Brand Equity The brand equity of one of the constituent brands is high Washburn (1999); Vaidyanath Aggarwal (2000); Washburn (2000; 2004) Brand Familiarity The brand familiarity of the constituent brand is low Simonin Ruth (1998) Brand stability The brand stability of the constituent brands is low Baumgarth(2003) Success factor for Spill over effect Spill over effect on one/both brand(s) are stronger /more positive if.. Source Charac

Allegory is a story that works on two levels. Essay -- English Literat

Allegory is a story that works on two levels. "Mature readers appreciate the powerful satire on communism gone wrong, while for younger readers it is a hilarious fable of the farmyard."-Animal Farm As explained in the quote above, Animal Farm is a story that works on two levels. One level is simple, and the other one is the more complex and sophisticated. I would like to explain these levels in this essay. But first, I would like to clearly explain what the word allegory means by giving some examples from well-known fables. One of the best examples is the Little Red Riding Hood. I imagine that most of the people in this world knows about this fable. This story is translated in to many languages, in many different countries in the world. Any ways, the point is that what characteristics of allegory does this story mention? Well, most of the characters in this story represent a particular type of a human personality. For example, the wolf in this story is not just a wolf. As you can see by reading this story, the wolf tries to eat the girl by disguising in to her grandmother. This is clearly explaining what kind of a personality this wolf is representing. He represents a criminal who could trick you and swindle you. The girl represents an innocent person, who can be tricked easily. But at the end it comes out to be that the girl was not just innocent. So, now you can see that the technique of allegory is used in many stories without even knowing. The simpler level of the Animal Farm, is a humorous fable with animals. "For younger readers it is a hilarious fable of the farmyard."-Animal Farm If you do not read this book carefully, this book is just a humorous fable with talking animals in it. When... ...It signifies how a country can easily corrupt under a tyrant leader. Without even the people knowing, a terrible leader can easily control the country. By reading this book, we can see that we should try to save our own country by our own hands. We should not depend on the government, and we should not 100percent believe what the media says. The citizen of the country needs to keep their eyes wide opened. You never know if the truth is being told. Did the Russian people know what was going on? Did they THINK they knew what was going on? We should never forget what happened to Russia by reading this book, Animal Farm. You never know when it will be for YOU to stand up and go against the tyrant leader. So, please do not forget about Animal Farm and the Russian revolution. Even though you think that this will not happen to you, it might happen You never know.

Negligence: Duty of Care and Buick Motor Co.

Negligence, duty and Breach of Duty. To constitute a legal action against some one’s negligence, several requirements to be fulfilled. First one is that there must exist some duty of care towards the plaintiff by the defendant. The second one is that the defendant should breach such duty of care imposed on him. The third one is that the negligence done by the defendant should be the cause of the harm resulted to the plaintiff. The fourth one is that the harm should have some monetary value. In Haynes V Harwood (1935) 1 KB 146 at 152, Judge Greer L.J, pointed out these requirements in his judgement stating that â€Å" Negligence in the air will not do: negligence, in order to give a cause of action, must be the neglect of some duty owed to the person who makes the claim†. The simple meaning is that if one done negligence actions, in a place, which is untouched by other people, in such a place, there would not arise a duty of care toward others. Therefore the question of the breach of such duty of care would also not arise. In such a situation a legal action on negligence can not be instituted.To understand above elements pertaining to negligence in law of tort, we shall discuss them in detail. Duty of Care In  tort law, a  duty of care  is a  legal  obligation  imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard  of  reasonable  care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others. It is the first element that must be established to proceed with an action in  negligence. The claimant must  be able to show  a duty of care imposed by law which the defendant has breached.The duty of care may be imposed  by  operation of law  between individuals with no  current  direct relationship (familial or contractual or otherwise), but eventually become related in some manner. At common law, duties were formerly limited to those with whom one was in  privity  one way or another, as exemplified by c ases like  Winterbottom v. Wright  (1842). In the early 20th century, judges began to recognize that enforcing the privity requirement against hapless consumers had harsh results in many  product liability  cases.The idea of a general duty of care that runs to all who could be foreseeably affected by one's conduct (accompanied by the demolishing of the privity barrier) first appeared in the landmark U. S. case of  MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. (1916) and was imported into UK law by another landmark case,  Donoghue v Stevenson  [1932]. MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. , 217 N. Y. 382, 111 N. E. 1050 (1916) A famous  New York Court of Appeals  opinion by Judge  Benjamin N. Cardozo  which removed the requirement of  privity of contract  for duty in  negligence  actions The  plaintiff, Donald C.MacPherson, a stonecutter, was injured when one of the wooden wheels of his 1909 â€Å"Buick Runabout† collapsed. The  defendant,  Buick Motor Company, had manufactured the vehicle, but not the wheel, which had been manufactured by another party but installed by defendant. It was conceded that the defective wheel could have been discovered upon inspection. The defendant denied liability because the plaintiff had purchased the automobile from a dealer, not directly from the defendant. The portion of the MacPherson  opinion in which Cardozo demolished the privity bar to recovery is as follows: If the nature of a thing is such that it is reasonably certain to place life and limb in peril when negligently made, it is then a thing of danger. Its nature gives warning of the consequence to be expected. If to the element of danger there is added knowledge that the thing will be used by persons other than the purchaser, and used without new tests, then, irrespective of contract, the manufacturer of this thing of danger is under a duty to make it carefully. That is as far as we need to go for the decision of this case . . . . If he is neglige nt, where danger is to be oreseen, a liability will follow† Donoghue v. Stevenson  [1932] The case of  Donoghue v. Stevenson  [1932] illustrates the law of negligence, laying the foundations of the  fault  principle around the Commonwealth. The Plaintiff, Donoghue, drank ginger beer given to her by a friend, who bought it from a shop. The beer was supplied by a manufacturer, Stevenson in Scotland. While drinking the drink, Donoghue discovered the remains of an allegedly decomposed  slug. She then sued Stevenson, though there was no relationship of contract, as the friend had made the payment.As there was no  contract,  the doctrine of  privity  prevented a direct action against the manufacturer. In his ruling, justice Lord MacMillan defined a new category of delict (the Scots law nearest equivalent of tort), ( based on â€Å"implied warranty of fitness of a product† in a completely different category of tort–â€Å"products liability†) b ecause it was analogous to previous cases about people hurting each other. Lord Atkin interpreted the biblical passages to ‘love thy neighbour,' as the legal requirement to ‘not harm thy neighbour. He then went on to define neighbour as â€Å"persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions that are called in question. Reasonably foreseeable harm must be compensated†. This is the first principle of negligence. Breach of the Duty The test is both subjective and objective. The defendant who knowingly (subjective) exposes the plaintiff/claimant to a substantial risk of loss, breaches that duty.The defendant who fails to realize the substantial risk of loss to the plaintiff/claimant, which any  reasonable person  [objective] in the same situation would clearly have realized, also breaches that duty. Breach of duty is not limited to professionals or persons under written or oral contract; all members of society have a duty to exercise reasonable care toward others and their property. A person who engages in activities that pose an unreasonable risk toward others and their property that actually results in harm, breaches their duty of reasonable care.An example is shown in the facts of  Bolton v. Stone,[5]  a 1951 legal case decided by the  House of Lords  which established that a defendant is not negligent if the damage to the plaintiff was not a reasonably foreseeable consequence of his conduct. In the case, a Miss Stone was struck on the head by a cricket ball while standing outside her house. Cricket balls were not normally hit a far enough distance to pose a danger to people standing as far away as was Miss Stone.Although she was injured, the court held that she did not have a legitimate claim because the danger was not sufficiently foreseeable. Causation For a defendant to be held  liable, it must be shown that the particular acts or omissions were the cause of the loss or damage sustained. Although the notion sounds simple, the causation between one's breach of duty and the harm that results to another can at times be very complicated. The basic test is to ask whether the injury would have occurred but for, or without, the accused party's breach of the duty owed to the injured party.Even more precisely, if a breaching party materially increases the risk of harm to another, then the breaching party can be sued to the value of harm that he caused. Sometimes causation is one part of a multi-stage test for legal liability. For example for the defendant to be held liable for the tort of negligence, the defendant must have (1) owed the plaintiff a  duty of care; (2) breached that duty; (3) by so doing caused  damage  to the plaintiff; and (4) that damage must not have been too remote. Causation is but one component of the tort.On other occasions causation is the only r equirement for legal liability (other than the fact that the outcome is proscribed). For example in the law ofproduct liability, the fact that the defendant's product caused the plaintiff harm is the only thing that matters. The defendant need not also have been negligent. On still other occasions, causation is irrelevant to legal liability altogether. For example, under a contract of  indemnity insurance, the  insurer  agrees to indemnify the  victim  for harm not caused by the insurer, but by other parties.Where establishing causation is required to establish legal liability, it is usually said that it involves a two-stage inquiry. The first stage involves establishing ‘factual’ causation. Did the defendant act in the plaintiff’s loss? This must be established before inquiring into legal causation. The second stage involves establishing ‘legal’ causation. This is often a question of public policy: is this the sort of situation in which, d espite the outcome of the factual enquiry, we might nevertheless release the defendant from liability, or impose liability?

Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay Example

Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay Example Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay Review On Paul Kennedys Book Essay A brief knowledge of Historical events Is useful when reading this book as Individual Wars and Battles are not covered in too much detail because of the vast number of conflicts since the Renaissance period, however a reader with no historical background can read this book and gain a lot of knowledge, It has an easily read neural textbook feel about it, and It Is divided chronologically into three sections: pre-industrial 1500 1800, Industrial 1800 1943 and Today Tomorrow 1943 21st Century, which allows the book to be easily used as reference material for people interested In a particular period. A particularly Interesting feature of this History book Is that Instead of finishing when the author wrote It, Kennedy continues and makes his predictions for the future, he accurately predicted the fall of the Soviet union as well as the relative decline in the American economy with regards to the sis of new Powers such as China and the cooperation of the European states, which helps convince the reader in the 21st century that Kennedy Is somebody who knows what he Is talking about and that his arguments and predictions should be considered! The main line of the authors argument is that the Great Powers strength can only be tested against that of other Great Powers, one is by necessity always stronger than another due to factors such as the constantly differing growth rates, population and resources that each Power has. Kennedy time and again links the Roth or decline of an economy with the respective Powers military capability and eventual rise or fall. Whilst reading the book, backed with the wealth of examples and evidence Kennedy cites giving tables, charts and maps; it is easy to be convinced by Kennedys arguments. After all It makes sense that the bal-polar world of the Austrian and Spanish ended as they overextended themselves, creating the multi polar eighteenth century including Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia. Kennedy then states that the economical power created by the Countries that were prepared o industrialist created a new series of superpowers: The nineteenth century British Empire then the t wentieth century Soviet union and the united States, and as the growth of these states stagnates and others grow world power will become multi polar once more encompassing five more possible powers; LISA, Russia, China, India and the ELI. Personally I agree mostly with what Kennedy says but In my opinion there are several difficulties, firstly he argues that Europe rose to dominate the rest of the world as opposed to because of fragmented states, increasing competition and 1 OFF actors for the decline of the Spanish Empire caused through lack of cohesion When I read this part for the first time, I though that this seemed like a contradiction, but on further thought could Kennedy mean however that these factors are beneficial to the rise of a power, however once they have reached a Great Power status begin to become a burden and can act as a factor in the Powers decline? I also think that an important factor which appears to be understated in the book are the leaders of Powers, I dont want to appear biased towards elite history as opposed to economic story, but using the Spanish Empire example from earlier, Spain did had ineffectual monarchs certainly from the mid seventeenth century, and was the time at which the Empire started to decline, cumulating in the Spanish war of Succession which in effect made Spain a second rate power. If Spain had more capable leaders they would have been in a better position to remain a major world player. In conclusion I would recommend The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, it is easily read, there are maps and charts which help the reader visualize the political boundaries of the time. The main arguments are well backed up, and it is interesting as the focus is constantly changing from state to state. It is a good book for students but anybody with an interest could read and understand it. The Book I am about to review The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers is one of fourteen books written by Paul Kennedy, the author is considered an expert in the fields of Grand Strategy and International Relations, he previously studied under the famous historian GAP Taylor and this is Kennedys best known book to date; it being translated into twenty three languages, reaching no. N the Bestselling Hardcover Books when it was released in 1988 and also winning Kennedy the Williston History Prize for his work. The Book is rather long; owing to the fact it covers five hundred years of World History of the Great Powers, yet focuses largely towards European Powers, as that is where the majority of power lay until the early twentieth century. A brief knowledge of Historical events is useful when reading this book as individual Wars and Battles are not covered in too much detail because of the vast number of conflicts since the Renaissance period, however reader with no historical background can read this book and gain a lot of knowledge, it has an easily read general textbook feel about it, and it is divided chronologically into three sections: Pre-industrial 1500 1800, Industrial 1800 1943 and Today Tomorrow 1943 21st Century, which allows the book to be easily used as reference material for people interested in a particular period. A particularly interesting feature of this History book is that instead of finishing when the author wrote it, Kennedy continues and makes his predictions for the future, he accurately redirected the fall of the Soviet Union as well as the relative decline in the American economy with regards to the rise of new Powers such as China and the cooperation of the European states, which helps convince the reader in the 21st century that Kennedy is somebody who knows what he is talking about and that his arguments and predictions should be considered! The main line of the authors argument is that the Great Powers strength can only be tested against that of other Great Powers, one is by necessity always stronger than another due to factors such as the constantly offering growth rates, population and resources that each Power has. Kennedy time and again links the growth or decline of an economy with the respective Powers wealth of examples and evidence Kennedy cites giving tables, charts and maps; it is easy to be convinced by Kennedys arguments, after all it makes sense that the bi- polar world of the Austrian and Spanish ended as they overextended themselves, creating the multi polar eighteenth century including Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia. Kennedy then states that the economical power created by the Countries hat were prepared to industrialist created a new series of superpowers: The nineteenth century British Empire then the twentieth century Soviet Union and the United States, and as the growth of these states stagnates and others grow world power will become multi polar once more encompassing five more possible powers; USA, Russia, China, India and the ELI. Personally I agree mostly with what Kennedy says but in my opinion there are several difficulties, firstly he argues that Europe rose to dominate the rest of the world as opposed to because of fragmented states, increasing competition and the freedom for merchants to do as they wish, yet he later cites the same reasons as factors for the decline of the Spanish Empire caused through lack of cohesion When I read this part for the first time, I though that this seemed like a contradiction, but on further thought could Kennedy mean however that these factors are beneficial to the rise of a power, however once they have reached a Great Power status begin to become a burden and can act as a factor in the Powers decline? I also think that an important factor which appears to be understated in the book are the leaders of Powers, I dont want to appear biased towards elite history as opposed to economic history, but using the Spanish Empire example from earlier, Spain did had ineffectual monarchs certainly from the mid seventeenth century, and was the time at which the Empire started to decline, cumulating in the Spanish war of Succession which in effect made Spain a second rate power. If Spain had more capable leaders they would have been in a better position to remain a major world player. In conclusion I would recommend The Rise ND Fall of the Great Powers, it is easily read, there are maps and charts which help the reader visualize the political boundaries of the time. The main arguments are well backed up, and it is interesting as the focus is constantly changing from state to state. It is a good book for students but anybody with an interest could read and understand it. The Book I am about to review The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers is one of fourteen books written by Paul Kennedy, the author is considered an expert in the fields of Grand Strategy and International Relations, he previously studied ender the famous historian GAP Taylor and this is Kennedys best known book to date; it being translated into twenty three languages, reaching no. 6 in the Bestselling Hardcover Books when it was released in 1988 and also winning Kennedy the Williston History Prize for his work. The Book is rather long; owing to the fact it covers five hundred years of World History of the Great Powers, yet focuses largely towards European Powers, as that is where the majority of power lay until the early twentieth century. A brief knowledge of Historical events is useful when reading this book as individual Wars and Battles are not covered in too much detail because of the vast number of conflicts since the Renaissance period, however a reader with no historical background can read this book and gain a lot of knowledge, it has an easily read general textbook feel about it, and it is divided chronologically into three sections: interested in a particular period. A particularly interesting feature of this History book is that instead of finishing when the author wrote it, Kennedy continues and Union as well as the relative decline in the American economy with regards to the alps convince the reader in the 21st century that Kennedy is somebody who knows what he is talking about and that his arguments and predictions should be Kennedys arguments, after all it makes sense that the bi-polar world of the Austrian Empire then the twentieth century Soviet Union and the United States, and as the polar once more encompassing five more possible powers; USA, Russia, China, India and the ELI. Personally I agree mostly with what Kennedy says but in my opinion the freedom for merchants to do as they wish, yet he later cites the same reasons as with an interest could read and understand it.

SWOT Analysis Essays - Consumer Behaviour, Business, Free Essays

SWOT Analysis Essays - Consumer Behaviour, Business, Free Essays SWOT Analysis BUS/210 SWOT Analysis De Kliek Style Studio is an upscale womens clothing boutique. The boutique is expected to open in July of this year. De Kliek will be located within the Los Angeles area. The focus customer will be women aged 30-55 with a household income of at least $100,000 annually. After performing a SWOT analysis the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were able to be identified. One of the strengths the business has is that the owner and manager, Vrootje Mager, has 12 years of retail and marketing experience. In addition, the advisory team holds a combination of expertise in; retail accounting, retail merchandising, legal contracts, fashion, and design. De Kliek carries foreign designer lines that are not available in many other stores throughout the United States. Because the business focuses on women with busy working schedules who have little time to shop, personal stylist assistants are offered to help customers save time. In addition to saving women time this will also help women chose clothing that builds confidence. Women with more confidence are more likely to shop and spend money. The company also has well designed marketing strategies. Marketing will be dependent on word-of-mouth, fashion magazines, local ads, travel and shopping books and websites. Finally, the business also plans to take on special orders. Special orders can be especially prosper ous as full-price mark-up is charged and no floor space is needed. Along with strengths the business already posses, many opportunities are presented. Projections show inventory turns at 5, which is high than the industry average of 4. There is also the opportunity to produce revenue other than clothing and accessory sales because the store offers alterations, gift wrapping, styles assessments, and workshops. Opportunity is apparent for this business because clientele are primarily women. Women are continuing to hold higher positions in the workforce, leading to higher average incomes for women. This will lead to women spending more money on apparel. Focus groups believe luxury consumers see apparel and accessories as more of a necessity than a luxury. Even in a down economy women will continue to buy apparel as it is a necessity. Another promising aspect is that retail sales continue to grow from year-to-year. Another opportunity for profit is lower interest rates and easy accessibility to credit. This will lead to more frequent purchasing with hig her check averages. Finally, an opportunity for the company to further grow would be online sales. The company already has a website. Giving customers the option to buy online will not only add sales of more items but also alleviate floor space, allowing for more items to be displayed. Although the business model offered many strengths of the company, weaknesses could be identified as well. The first noticeable weakness is that the start-up capital is largely reliant on loans. With such high expenses there will be minimal room for profit to be made. Also, will the company be able to maintain a quality-price ratio that is acceptable? At this time the company does not offer an online sales option. This could mean lost sales to competitors that offer an online sales option. A problem often encounter by up-scale boutiques is offering the same level of customer service to each and every customer. It is unapparent if the company will be able to offer service without showing bias to customers that do not fit the model client. This could lead to an uncomfortable shopping environment causing shoppers to go elsewhere. The store has not chosen a specific location. Without an exact cost for rent it is hard to predict exactly how much operating costs will be. Also, the company prides itself on providing many different services to women; with only 3 employees will the business be able to provide the ideal level of customer service stated in the business model. The company also projects very low salaries. This could also impede the level of customer service the business is hoping to offer as it is questionable if employees with an adequate level of expertise will apply for positions. Finally, although the owner has expertise in retail and marketing it is unclear if the owner possesses proper money management skills. Will the owner be

Montaigne's Apology for Raymond Sebond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Montaigne's Apology for Raymond Sebond - Essay Example They are founded on ones capability to provide sufficient testimony to sustain such claims. He argues that anything can appear truthful or not depending on one’s interpretation and the amount of backing provided to support the claims. In Montaigne’s view, it is a person’s ability to provide irrefutable evidence, which determines if he or she appears stupid or clever, obscure or inconsistent. However, there is always the likelihood that someone else will dispute any idea, agree with it, or be at a tangent to it. In his opinion, Montagne argues that the different perceptions or considerations are what have given value to many things worth nothing. In this essay, the problematic issue is on the question of whether honey is sweet, or bitter. The discussion revolves around Heraclitus, Protagoras, and Democritus and Pyrrhonists opinions regarding the taste of honey. According to Heraclitus and Protagoras, honey has both qualities of being sweet and bitter. On the other hand, Democritus argues that honey is neither sweet nor bitter while Pyrrhonists claims not to know whether honey is sweet or bitter. This is an analysis of the different views regarding the reliability of senses as trackers of truth. Each of the four philosophers tries to support their own opinion. From the fact that honey was sweet to one and bitter to another Democritus and Protagoras drew their conclusion that it is neither sweet not bitter. In their opinion, sweetness or bitterness exists by convention. Sweetness or bitterness is thus not a quality of honey. Additionally they felt that attribution of traits or qualities are subjective affection that depicts our own perceptions regarding different things. In their view, honey is neither sweet nor bitter, the sweetness and the bitterness is an idea belonging to mind of the person tasting it. Bitterness and sweetness are two different things and thus it is not possible for something to have both qualities. Consequently, it is not possible for two conflicting opinions to be correct. The perception that something can be both sweet and bitter demonstrates that the language we use to describe things does not relate to anything in actuality. Qualities associated with different things are thus a mere depiction of our discernments and not the truth. Democritus and Protagoras opinion was different from that of Heraclitus who concluded that honey is both sweet and bitter. Heraclitus proposition was that â€Å"all things have in them features we discern† (Montaigne 147). By this, he meant that the attributes or traits associated with anything could vary depending on the person viewing it. Therefore, the qualities of bitterness and sweetness are in the honey but different people will perceive and describe them differently. For that reason, the opinions regarding anything depend on what the person wants to propose. There is thus no specific or constant outlook into anything. Heraclitus message was that our perce ption tends to be partial and thus the conclusion depends on one’s discernment but does not necessary mean it is the truth of the matter. Our senses are thus inadequate since they perceive whatever we want them to or want we want to advocate but not the reality. Pyrrhonian claimed not to know if honey is sweet, bitter, neither, or both. This opinion demonstrates doubts on whether any of the above quality exists or not. The